MIPS assembly language Category Instruction Example Meaning Comments MIPS instruction set is a Reduced Instruction Set Computer ISA(Instruction Set Architecture).
MIPS Stands for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages. In all examples, $1, $2, $3 represent registers. Memory holds data structures, such as arrays, words Memory[4294967292] and spilled registers, such as those saved on procedure calls. MIPS Instruction Set Arithmetic Instructions Instruction Example Meaning Comments add add $1,$2,$3 $1=$2+$3 subtract sub $1,$2,$3 $1=$2-$3 add immediate addi $1,$2,100 $1=$2+100 "Immediate" means a constant number add unsigned addu $1,$2,$3 $1=$2+$3 Values are treated as unsigned integers, not two's complement integers subtract unsigned subu $1,$2,$3 $1=$2-$3 Values are … MIPS Instruction Reference.
All of these instructions feature a 16-bit immediate, which is sign-extended to a 32-bit value in every instruction (except for the and, or, and xor instructions which zero-extend and the lui instruction in which it does not matter). The jr instruction loads the PC register with a value stored in a register. Example . For class, you should use the register names, not the corresponding register numbers. 2 Dealing with Characters • Instructions are also provided to deal with byte-sized and half-word quantities: lb (load-byte), sb, lh, sh • These data types are most useful when dealing with characters, pixel values, etc. Good design demands compromise. ° Successor instruction – jumps, conditions, branches - fetch-decode-execute is implicit! See MIPS Reference Data tear-out card, and Appendixes B and E CSE 420 Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language … Large share of embedded core market but dwarfed by ARM ! Instructions are always stored at addresses that are an integer multiple of 4: 0, 4, 8, … 0x2C, 0x30, …. Make the common case fast. Smaller is faster. As an example, the add mnemonic can be used as: MIPS Assembly Language • One instruction per line • Numbers are base-10 integers or Hex with leading 0x • Identifiers: alphanumeric, _, . In all examples, $1, $2, $3 represent registers. In this example the main function calls facttwice, and fact returns twice—but to different locations in main. Name Summary; example1.asm: Basic arithmetic with registers: example2_hello_world.asm: Print a "Hello World" message to simulator output: example3_io.asm All MIPS instructions are encoded in binary. 25 example The performance of a CPU (processor) can be measured in MIPS. 10/7/2012 GC03 Mips Code Examples Let the variable i be stored in register $4 Let ‘int array’ start at address 12345678 16 Each integer occupies 4 addresses MIPS ‘for loop’ example add $4, $0, $0 : set $4=0 : 0 i loop : slti $8, $4, 10 : set $8=1 if $4 < 10 otherwise $8=0 beq $8, $0, end : if $8=0 ($4>=10) branch to end label For more MIPS instructions, refer to the Assembly Programming section on the class Resources page. In MIPS assembly language, there is a multiplication instruction for signed integers, mult, and for unsigned integers multu. This is a **partial list** of the available MIPS32 instructions, system calls, and assembler directives.
A destination register(d) where the word would be loaded. The syntax given for each instruction refers to the assembly language syntax supported by the MIPS assembler. —The jal saves the return address (the address of the next instruction)
Good design demands compromise. All R-type instructions have the following format: OP rd, rs, rt Where "OP" is the mnemonic for the particular instruction. The final instruction lw is "load word" which loads from the memory address in t0 (which at this point is still just 0x10010000) plus 4 bytes (the 4 is an offset from t0 and results in an address where ALength lives) 4 bytes of data into a1. opcode rs rt rd shift amt function
put "under the hood". All R-type instructions have the following format: OP rd, rs, rt Where "OP" is the mnemonic for the particular instruction. A base register. R instructions are used when all the data values used by the instruction are located in registers. MIPS assembly language simply refers to the assembly language of the MIPS processor.
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